Umlando we UJane Goodall kanye nezinkawu zakhe Kungenye yalezo zigigaba zesayensi ezingavamile eziguqula yonke into ibe yimbi: lokho esiyikho, indlela esiziphatha ngayo, nokuthi sihlukanisa kanjani abantu nezilwane. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha, lesi sazi saseBrithani saqaphela, ngesineke esingapheli, izimpilo zezimfene zasendle eGombe, eTanzania, kwaze kwaba yilapho sithola ukuziphatha okungekho muntu owayekucabanga futhi okwaphoqa ukuthi kubhalwe kabusha izincwadi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibalo sakhe sesibe uphawu lomhlaba wonke lobushoshovu, ukulondolozwa kwemvelo, kanye nethembaKusukela kowesifazane osemusha ongenazo iziqu zaseyunivesithi owaya e-Afrika ephethe incwadi yokubhalela kanye nama-binoculars, waba yi-UN Messenger of Peace, umsunguli wesikhungo esikhona emazweni amaningi, kanye nomholi womhlaba wonke ekuvikeleni izinkawu ezinkulu kanye neplanethi. Lena, ngendlela ezolile nenemininingwane, indaba yezinto azitholile ezibaluleke kakhulu nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ukuqonda kwethu ngezinkawu… kanye nathi ngokwethu.
Kusukela kuJubili kuya kuGombe: imvelaphi yobizo oluyingqayizivele
Kusukela esemncane kakhulu, uJane wabonisa ukuthakasela izilwane okukhulu kanye nase-Afrika yonke. Wazalelwa eLondon, endaweni yaseHampstead, ngomhlaka-3 Ephreli 1934, indodakazi kaMortimer Herbert Morris-Goodall, usomabhizinisi, kanye nombhali wenoveli uMargaret Myfanwe Joseph, owabhala ngaphansi kwegama elingelona iqiniso elithi Vanne Morris-Goodall. Lapho eba neminyaka emibili, uyise wamnika i-chimpanzee egcwele ayiqamba ngokuthi IJajiKunokuba amesabise, lowo doli waba umngane wakhe ongahlukanisiwe kanye nesinyathelo sokuqala ebuhlotsheni bokuphila konke nezinkawu ezinkulu.
Ngiseyingane, ngangifunda izindaba ezifana nokuthi Incwadi Yehlathi, uTarzan, noma uDokotela DolittleWayephupha ngokuhlala phakathi kwezilwane zasendle. Wayengaveli emndenini ocebile, ngakho ukuya eyunivesithi kwakungeyona into ayeyihlela ngokushesha. Kunalokho, wafunda amakhono obunobhala futhi wasebenzela izinkampani ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nenkampani yokukhiqiza amadokhumenti, ngenkathi egcina imali ukuze agcwalise isifiso sakhe esijulile: ukuya e-Afrika.
Ngo-1957, eneminyaka engu-23, uJane waya eKenya ukuyovakashela ipulazi lomngane wakhe. Lapho, elandela iseluleko esithile, waba nesibindi sokubiza isazi se-paleontologist nesazi se-anthropologist esidumile. Louis LeakeyEqiniseka ukuthi angamqondisa emsebenzini ohlobene nezilwane, uLeakey waqala ngokumqasha njengonobhala eNairobi futhi ngokushesha wamyisa yena nomkakhe uMary e-Olduvai Gorge eTanzania, isikhungo socwaningo ngama-hominid okuqala.
ULeakey wayeqiniseka ukuthi ukufunda izinkawu ezinkulu kungakhanyisa ukuziphatha kwe okhokho abangabantuPhakathi naleso sikhathi, wayefuna umuntu onesineke, oqaphelayo, futhi oguquguqukayo ngokwanele ukuba achithe iminyaka ehlathini elandela izimfene. Wagcina eqaphele uJane, owayesezoqala ucwaningo lwezimfene olude kunawo wonke emlandweni, engazi.
Nakuba ayengenazo iziqu zaseyunivesithi ngaleso sikhathi, uLeakey wayethembele emizweni yakhe futhi wathola uxhaso kanye nezimvume zobukoloni zokumthumela ogwini olusempumalanga yeLake Tanganyika, kulokho okwakukhona ngaleso sikhathi. Indawo Yokugada Izilwane yaseGombe Stream (namuhla iGombe Stream National Park). Ngaphambilini, ngo-1958, wayithumela eLondon ukuyoqeqeshwa nochwepheshe abanjengo-Osman Hill (ukuziphatha kwezilwane) noJohn Napier (ukwakheka komzimba), ukuze ifike kulo mkhakha inesisekelo sesayensi.
Ukufika eGombe kanye nendlela entsha yokwenza isayensi
Ngesikhathi uJane Goodall efika okokuqala eGombe ngoJulayi 14, 1960, wayeneminyaka engu-26 ubudala futhi akukho okuhlangenwe nakho okusemthethweni kwezemfundo Wayengenalo ulwazi ngesayensi yezinto zakudala, kodwa wayenelukuluku elikhulu kanye nekhono elikhethekile lokubuka. Iziphathimandla zaseBrithani eTanganyika azizange zimvumele ukuba ahlale yedwa kuleyo ndawo ekude, ngakho unina, uVanne, wavuma ukuhamba naye ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela.
Ukuqala kwakungelula nhlobo: izimfene, zingathembi kakhulu, Babaleka ngokushesha nje lapho bebona «umuntu omhlophe»Kwaphela amasonto amaningi uJane engakwazi ukubabona kude esebenzisa ama-binocular, engakwazi ukusondela. Inselele yakhe enkulu kwakuwukubajwayela ukuba khona kwakhe, futhi ukuze enze lokhu wasebenzisa inhlanganisela yokubekezela okukhulu, izikhathi zokubuka eziqondile, kanye nokunyakaza okumnene kakhulu ukuze angabasabisi.
Esinye sezihluthulelo zempumelelo yabo kwakuwukuthi Kwaphuka nokubanda okuvamile kwesayensi yangaleso sikhathiEsikhundleni sokubala izilwane, waziqamba ngokwendlela ezibukeka ngayo noma ubuntu bazo: uDavid Greybeard, uGoliath, uFlo, uFifi, uMike, uHumphrey, uGigi, uMnu. McGregor, phakathi kwabanye abaningi. Kwabaningi emphakathini wesayensi, lokhu kwakufana nokuhlambalaza: ukunikeza amagama, kwakucatshangwa, kusho ukulahlekelwa ubuqotho nokuwela ekuziphatheni komuntu.
Nokho, uGoodall wayeqiniseka ukuthi izimpanzi zazinazo ubuntu obuhlukile, imizwa, kanye nezingqondo eziyinkimbinkimbiAkazange anqikaze ukuchaza ezincwadini zakhe zobuntwana, ubusha, izisusa, imizwa, kanye nezibopho zemizwa azibonile. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, lawo magama afanayo amtholela ukugxekwa okuningi ayesemukelwa kabanzi kwezemfundo yokuziphatha kanye nesayensi yezilwane.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uJane wayethuthukisa indlela yokufunda yesikhathi eside: ukulandela abantu abafanayo kanye nemindeni iminyaka eminingi ukuze abhale izinguquko ebudlelwaneni babo, ezikhundleni zabo, nasekuziphatheni kwabo. Le ndlela yokwenza ukuqaphela isikhathi eside nokuningiliziwe Yabe isiba yindinganiso kwezesayensi yezinto zasendulo zanamuhla, futhi isikhungo sayo socwaningo eGombe sagcina sikhiqize amakhulu ezihloko, izincazelo kanye nezincwadi.
Ukutholakala kwamathuluzi: ukuvalelisa ku-«homo faber» ekhethekile
Esinye sezikhathi ezibalulekile emsebenzini kaJane kwaba lapho ebona indoda endala, uDavid Greybeard, ethula iziqu zotshani esidulini sezintuthwaneBalinda kwaze kwaba yilapho imithi igcwele izintuthwane base bezikhipha ukuze bazidle. Ngemva nje kwalokho, wabona ezinye izimfene ziphula amagatsha amancane, ziwasusa amaqabunga azo, bese ziwasebenzisa ngendlela efanayo—okungukuthi, ziguqula into ukuze iphumelele kakhudlwana.
Lokho kwawuchitha ngokuphelele umqondo ojulile wokuthi Abantu kuphela ababengenza futhi basebenzise amathuluziKuze kube yileso sikhathi, incazelo yegama elithi «umuntu» (homo faber) yayisekelwe ngqo kulokho okwakucatshangwa ukuthi kukhethekile. Lapho uLouis Leakey ethola lezi zindaba, waphendula ngesisho esasizoba yinganekwane: manje kumelwe sichaze kabusha umuntu, sichaze kabusha amathuluzi, noma samukele izimfene njengabantu.
Ukubaluleka kwalokho kutholwa kwakukhulu kakhulu. Kwabonisa ukuthi izimfene zazikwazi hlela, shintsha izinto futhi udlulise amasu kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye, into efana kakhulu nalokho esikubiza ngokuthi isiko. Izifundo ezalandela kwezinye izizwe, kokubili eNtshonalanga nase-Afrika Ephakathi, ziqinisekisile ukuthi kukhona amasiko ahlukene ekusetshenzisweni kwamathuluzi ngokweqembu ngalinye, okuqinisa umqondo wokwehlukahlukana kwamasiko asendulo.
UGoodall wabhala phansi lezi zindlela zokuziphatha ngokugcwele eminyakeni edlule futhi wazibamba ngokuhlelekile emsebenzini wakhe wesayensi obaluleke kakhulu, AmaChimpanzi aseGombe: Amaphethini Okuziphathalapho ahlaziya khona ngokuningiliziwe iminyaka engamashumi amabili yokuqaphela ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi kanye neminye imikhuba yezenhlalo neyemvelo.
Lokhu kutholakala akugcini nje ngokuguqula isayensi yezinto zakudala, kodwa futhi kwaphoqa ukucabanga ngefilosofi ukuqhubeka phakathi kwabantu nezinye izilwaneUma i-chimpanzee ikwazi ukwenza amathuluzi alula, ibambisane ukuze izingele, noma ibonise uzwela, umngcele osihlukanisa nezinye izilwane awusabonakali ucacile.
Abantu abangadli inyama? UJane ufakazela ukuthi izimfene nazo ziyazingela
Esinye isibhicongo esikhulu emibonweni eyayisunguliwe safika lapho uJane ethola ukuthi izimfene zaseGombe Babengebona abantu abadla imifino kuphelanjengoba kwakukholelwa. Ngezinsuku ezinde zokuqapha, waqaphela indlela ezazihlela ngayo ukucathamela nokubamba izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ikakhulukazi izinkawu ezibomvu ze-colobus, kodwa futhi nezinsana zezinye izilwane njengezingulube zasendle ezincane.
Kwesinye sezigcawu ezaziwa kakhulu, wachaza abesilisa abaningana abasebenzisana ukuhlukanisa inkawu ye-colobus phezulu esihlahlenibevimba izindlela zabo zokubaleka ngenkathi omunye ekhuphuka ukuze ababambe. Ngemva kokubanjwa, iqembu lahlukanisa inyama phakathi kokukhala okukhulu kanye nezicelo eziphikelelayo ezivela kulabo ababengazange bahlanganyele ngokuqondile ekuzingeleni kodwa bathatha ingxenye yempango.
Lokhu kuziphatha kokuzingela nokudla inyama ngokubambisana kubonise ukuthi ukudla kwezinkawu kwakuhlanganisa ingxenye ebalulekile yamaprotheni ezilwanekuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi kulinganiselwa ukuthi zingaba yizisulu zenani elikhulu lezinkawu ze-colobus ezindaweni ezithile minyaka yonke. Futhi, lokhu kwaphoqa ukuthi kuhlolwe kabusha imibono enengqondo ngokweqile mayelana nokululama okucatshangwayo kwalezi zinkawu.
Okubonwe uGoodall nozakwabo kwembule nohlobo lokuzikhethela kwalokhu kuzingela: ngezinye izikhathi amaqembu achitha isikhathi eside elandela inyamazane ethile, okuphakamisa inhlanganisela amathuba kanye nesuLolu hlobo locwaningo luye lwasebenza ekudwebeni ukufana (ngokuqapha okukhulu) nezinye izindlela zokuzingela kubantu basendulo.
Ukufakwa kwenyama ekudleni kwabo kunezela kokunye okutholakele okugcizelela ubunzima bemvelo yama-chimpanzee, akwaziyo ukuxhaphaza izinsiza ezihlukahlukene kakhulu endaweni yazo yokuhlala (izithelo, amaqabunga, izinambuzane, izintuthwane, amantongomane abawaphula ngamatshe, njll.), kanye nokuvumelanisa ukuziphatha kwabo nokutholakala kokudla kwesizini.
Impi, ubudlova kanye nohlangothi olumnyama lwama-chimpanzee
Uma kukhona okwanyakazisa ngempela isithombe somphakathi sama-chimpanzee, kwakuwukutholakala ukuthi ayengakwenza ukuhlela ukubulala amalungu amanye amaqembu futhi waze wabhubhisa imiphakathi engomakhelwane. Phakathi kuka-1974 no-1978, uJane wabhala ngokudabuka okukhulu lokho kamuva okwakwaziwa ngokuthi iMpi Yezinkawu zaseGombe.
Kuleyo ngxabano, iqembu eliyinhloko elivela eGombe, elaziwa ngokuthi Kasekela, bagcina bebhekene nelinye iqembu, IKahamaKwakhiwa amalungu angaphambili e-splinter. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwemine, amadoda amaningana aseKasekela enza ukuhlasela okuhleliwe, elandela abantu abahlukanisiwe baseKahama kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeqediwe ngokuphelele.
UGoodall wayengufakazi oqondile wezigcawu ze- ubudlova obukhulu, ukuhlaselwa okuhleliwe kanye nokuziphatha Lokhu kwakuhlanganisa ukushaywa isikhathi eside, ukulunywa kanzima, ngisho nezigameko zokudla inyama yabesifazane ababusayo ababulala inzalo yabanye besifazane ukuze balondoloze isikhundla sabo emphakathini. Yena ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi kwakunzima kakhulu kuye ukwamukela lolu hlangothi olunonya lwezilwane ayezithanda kakhulu.
Lokhu okutholakele kushintshe umbono othakazelisayo wama-chimpanzee njengezidalwa ezinokuthula futhi kwaqinisa umbono ababelana ngawo nathi. ikhono eliphazamisayo lokuhlasela okuhleliweNgesikhathi esifanayo, kwabonwa izibonelo eziningi zozwela, ukubambisana, ukwamukelwa kwezintandane, kanye nokubonakaliswa kosizi ngemva kokushona kwezihlobo eziseduze, okudweba isithombe esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu esingokomzwelo.
Abanye abacwaningi basikisele ukuthi ukudla okwengeziwe okwakwenziwa eminyakeni yokuqala kaGombe kungenzeka ukuthi ukwandisa ubukhali bokuhlasela okuthilengokushintsha indlela yokuncintisana ngezinsizakusebenza. UJane uvumile ukuthi ukuhlinzekwa kwezidingo kwakuthonye ubudlova ngaphakathi naphakathi kwamaqembu, yize ephikisana ngokuthi akuzange kudale ukuziphatha okuvela emoyeni okwakungekho kakade.
Ubuntu, umndeni kanye nezibopho ezingokomzwelo
Enye yeminikelo ejulile kaJane Goodall kwakuwukubonisa ukuthi izimpanzi zine- ubuntu obunjalo obuphawulekayo Ngakho-ke akunakugwenywa ukuxoxa ngobuntu, isimo sengqondo, kanye nezici zomuntu ngamunye. Emibhalweni yakhe, uchaza umuntu ngamunye ngezinto eziningi ezihlukile, okwathi iminyaka eminingi, zahlazisa ingxenye yomphakathi wesayensi.
Abesifazane bathanda FloNgekhala labo elikhulu nezindlebe eziphumile, baduma ngokuba ngomama kanye nesikhundla sabo esiphakeme emphakathini. Izingane zabo—uFigan, uFaben, uFreud, uFifi, noFlint—zalandelwa amashumi eminyaka, zaba uhlobo lomndeni oluphilayo oluvumela ukufundwa kabanzi. Indlela izikhundla zomphakathi, izitayela zokukhulisa izingane, kanye namasu okutholwa ngayo njengefa ukukhuphuka esikhundleni sobuholi.
Abanye abantu, njenga MikeBasuka esikhundleni esingaphansi baya ekubeni ngamadoda asebenzisa ubuqili kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha hhayi amandla amakhulu kodwa ubuqili kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha: waduma ngokusebenzisa izigubhu zensimbi ukukhiqiza i-racket emangalisayo ngesikhathi semibukiso yakhe, okwathusa izimbangi zakhe futhi kwaqinisa udumo lwakhe.
UJane waphawula nezenzo eziningi zokubonisa uthando kubantu esizihlanganisa nokubonakaliswa kothando: ukwanga, ukwanga, ukumbambatha emhlane, ukukitaza kanye nemidlalo Lokhu kuziphatha kuqinisa izibopho phakathi komama, izingane, izingane zakubo, nabangane abaseduze. Lapho i-chimpanzee ilahlekelwa noma ilimele, abanye bayasondela ukuze bayiduduze, balungise omunye nomunye, noma bahlale eduze kakhulu, okubonisa uzwela olukhulu.
Ekuchazeni ubudlelwano bukamama nomntwana, uGoodall wagcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulu kwe okuhlangenwe nakho kwasekuqaleni ekukhuleni komuntu kamuva, into eyayihambisana nokutholakele kwengqondo yengane yomuntu. Ukuqaphela kwakhe usizi, ukuhlukana, kanye nokulimala kwezimfene kube yisisekelo sokuqonda imiphumela yobuntandane kanye nokunganakwa ezimfeneni.
IGombe, ilabhorethri yemvelo eyingqayizivele
IGombe Stream National Park, engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-35 kuphela ogwini olusempumalanga yeLake Tanganyika, isibe yipaki enye yezindawo eziphawulekayo kakhulu ku-biology yokuziphathaLokho okwaqala ngo-1960 njengesiteshi esincane sokubuka kwashintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka kwaba yiGombe Stream Research Centre, indawo yokubhekisela emhlabeni wonke.
Ngaphezu kwe Izihloko zesayensi ezingu-350 kanye nezihloko zobudokotela ezingaba ngu-50Ngaphezu kwezincwadi eziningi kanye namadokhumentari asondeze impilo yansuku zonke yama-chimpanzee asendle emphakathini jikelele, ukuqhubeka kwale phrojekthi, enamarekhodi aqoqwe amashumi eminyaka, kuvumela ukutadisha izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokuguga, izinguquko zezizukulwane, ukudluliselwa kwamasiko, kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi eside yezifo.
IGombe ibilokhu iyikhaya labacwaningi ababalulekile kwezesayensi yezinto eziyisisekelo kanye nesayensi yezinto eziphilayo eziziphendukela kwemvelo. Enye yemisebenzi ebucayi kakhulu ibilokhu ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwengobo yomlando kwazo zonke izincwadi zasemasimini, izithombe namavidiyo nguJane nethimba lakhe. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi lolu lwazi lungalahleki, i-Jane Goodall Institute yakha isikhungo sokugcina umlando eNyuvesi yaseMinnesota, futhi amaqoqo kamuva athuthelwa eNyuvesi yaseDuke, lapho efakwe khona kwidijithali futhi alayishwa kusizindalwazi esiku-inthanethi.
Inani elikhulu ledatha elatholakala kuGombe lenze kwaba nokwenzeka, isibonelo, ukwakha kabusha uhlu lozalo oluphelele, ukutadisha ukuvela kwamawele, ukubhala phansi izifo, nokuhlaziya ubaba ngokusebenzisa I-DNA ekhishwe endle kanye nokuqhathanisa ukuziphatha ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Zimbalwa izilwane eziye zalandelwa ngemininingwane enjalo isikhathi eside kangaka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGombe yayiyindawo lapho kwenziwa khona amadokhumentari amaningi, kusukela UNksz Goodall kanye namaChimpanzi asendle Ngawo-60, yaqoshwa ngumthwebuli wezithombe uHugo van Lawick, umyeni kaJane wokuqala. Lokhu kwaziswa okulalelwayo nokubonakalayo, kanye nemisebenzi yakamuva efana nethi Phakathi Kwezimpungushe Zasendle, Jane o UJane Goodall: Ithemba Elikhulu, kube yisihluthulelo ekwenzeni izigidi zabantu zikwazi ukubona ngamehlo abo impilo yansuku zonke yama-chimpanzee.
Kusukela emaphandleni kuya ekulweleni ubushoshovu bomhlaba wonke: I-Jane Goodall Institute kanye ne-Roots & Shoots
Nakuba uJane wayelokhu ehlobene ngokwesayensi noGombe, maphakathi nawo-80 wanquma yeka umsebenzi wasensimini wansuku zonke ukugxila ekulondolozweni, emfundweni, nasekuvikeleni inhlalakahle yezilwane. Yena ngokwakhe ulandise ukuthi ingqungquthela yesayensi yezinto eziphilayo ngo-1986, lapho kwethulwa khona imibiko edabukisayo ngokubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokuphathwa kabi kwezinkawu ezinkulu emalabhorethri nasemasekisini, yaphawula ushintsho olukhulu.
Wayesevele esungule i- Isikhungo iJane Goodall (JGI)I-JGI, inhlangano ezinikele ekuvikeleni ama-chimpanzee kanye nezindawo zawo zemvelo, kanye nokuthuthukisa izimpilo zemiphakathi yabantu ehlala eduze kwawo, manje inamahhovisi angaba angamashumi amathathu emazweni ahlukene. Ithuthukisa amaphrojekthi okulondolozwa kwemvelo asekelwe emphakathini, izinhlelo zokuvuselela amahlathi, izinhlelo zemfundo yezemvelo, kanye nezinhlelo zokusindisa izimfene.
Ngo-1991 waqala Izimpande kanye namahlumelaUhlelo lokufundisa intsha oluqale eTanzania neqembu elincane lentsha elikhathazekile ngokubhujiswa kwemvelo nezinkinga zomphakathi abazibonayo ezibazungezile. Lokho okwaqala njengomhlangano everanda labo eDar es Salaam sekukhule kwaba inethiwekhi ekhona emazweni angaphezu kuka-60-100 (kuye ngokuthi umthombo) kanye nezinkulungwane zamaqembu asebenzayo.
I-Roots & Shoots ikhuthaza izingane kanye nabantu abasha ukuthi baklame amaphrojekthi aqinile okuthuthukisa indawo yawoKusukela emikhankasweni yokuvuselela kabusha kuya ekutshalweni kabusha kwamahlathi, ukuvikela izilwane zasendaweni, kanye nokusekela imiphakathi esengozini, ifilosofi ilula kodwa inamandla: umuntu ngamunye angenza umehluko, noma ngabe ubonakala umncane kangakanani, futhi isamba sezenzo eziningi zasendaweni sidala umthelela womhlaba wonke.
Ukulwela kukaJane kuye kwamholela nasekuhilelekeni ezinhlosweni ezifana Iphrojekthi Yenkawu Enkuluokuphakamisa ukwelula amalungelo athile ayisisekelo (inkululeko, ukuvikelwa ekuhlushweni, ubuqotho obungokomzimba) ezinkawini ezinkulu ezingezona ezomuntu, kanye nemikhankaso yokulwa nokuhlolwa okuhlaselayo ngama-primate, ukufuywa okujulile kwezilwane zasemapulazini kanye nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane zasendle.
Ukuqashelwa, imiklomelo kanye nokuqagela kwamasiko
Umthelela womsebenzi kaJane Goodall ubonakale ku- uhlu oluhlaba umxhwele lwemiklomelo, udumo kanye nokuhlonishwa inikezwa izikhungo zesayensi, ohulumeni, kanye nezinhlangano emhlabeni wonke. Phakathi kwemiklomelo ehlonishwa kakhulu yiKyoto Prize in Basic Science, iBenjamin Franklin Medal in Life Sciences, iPrince of Asturias Award for Scientific and Technical Research, iTyler Prize, kanye neFrench Legion of Honor.
Emkhakheni waseBrithani, waqokwa UMongameli weDame we-Order of the British Empire, ethola udumo eBuckingham Palace, futhi kamuva waba yi-United Nations Messenger of Peace, okuyigama elinikezwe nguKofi Annan ngo-2002 ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wokuthula, imvelo kanye namalungelo ezilwane.
Uthole iziqu zobudokotela eziningi ezihlonishwayo emanyuvesi aseYurophu, eMelika, e-Afrika nase-Asia, okuqinisa idumela lakhe hhayi nje njengomcwaningi kuphela, kodwa futhi nanjengo umuntu othanda ukuthandwa kanye nesibonelo sokuziphathaI-UNESCO, i-National Geographic Society kanye nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme zesayensi zimqaphele njengomunye wabantu abavelele kwezesayensi yezinto eziphilayo kanye nokulondolozwa kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21.
Ukuba khona kwakhe kungene nasemasikweni athandwayo: uhlonishwe ngo uchungechunge olunezithombe, imikhankaso yokukhangisa kanye namaphrojekthi obucikoUvele emkhankasweni we-Apple othi “Think Different”, wanikeza izwi lakhe kumaphrojekthi afana ne-“Symphony of Science,” futhi wasebenza njengogqozi kubalingiswa ochungechungeni olufana ne- Amahlumela asendle noma ama-parody ku Ama-SimpsonsNgisho noLego noMattel banamasethi nonodoli abazinikele kuye ngaphakathi kwamaqoqo agubha abesifazane abakhuthazayo.
Ngale kokugqanyiswa kwabezindaba, okubalulekile ukuthi isibalo sakhe sisize izizukulwane zonke ukuba nesithakazelo kuso i-primatology, ukuziphatha kwezilwane, kanye nokulondolozwa kwemveloikakhulukazi abesifazane abaningi abasebasha ababembona njengesibonelo sososayensi ozinikele futhi ongeneka kalula.
Umsebenzi obhaliwe kanye nefa lobuhlakani
Umsebenzi kaJane Goodall awugcini nje ezincwadini zakhe zasemasimini; uzinikele futhi ukukhiqizwa okubanzi kwezincwadi zesayensi nezesayensi ezidumile, kokubili kubantu abadala, izingane kanye nentsha. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe enethonya kakhulu kukhona Emthunzini Womuntu, lapho elandisa khona ngeminyaka yakhe yokuqala eGombe futhi eveza izimpanzi njengabantu abanomlando wazo.
Umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu wesayensi uwukuthi AmaChimpanzi aseGombe: Amaphethini Okuziphatha, umsebenzi omkhulu lapho ehlela khona amashumi eminyaka edatha mayelana i-ecology, ubudlelwano bezenhlalo, ukuzala kabusha, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi kanye nokuxhumana ezinkawu zaseGombe. Le ncwadi isibe yincwadi ebalulekile kunoma ubani ocwaninga ngokuziphatha kwezinkawu.
Ezingeni lomuntu siqu, izihloko ezifana nokuthi Ngefasitela o Isizathu Sethemba Zihlanganisa izikhumbuzo, ukuzindla okungokomoya, kanye nezindaba zezinto ezitholakele, zinikeza umbono ojulile ngalokho okwenzekayo ukungabaza kwabo, ukwesaba, injabulo, kanye nezinkolelo zaboUphinde wabhala imisebenzi ngokuziphatha kwezilwane kanye nokulondolozwa kwazo, njenge Ama-Trust Ayishumi noma izincwadi ezigxile ezinhlotsheni zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Kwabafundi abasebasha, uJane ubhale izindaba eziningi nezincwadi zezithombe, njenge Impilo Yami Nezinkawu, Incwadi Yomndeni Wezimpukane noma izindaba ezifana UDkt. White y Ukhozi kanye neWren, afuna ngayo ukudlulisa umyalezo wabo wenhlonipho kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezizukulwaneni ezintsha kusukela zisencane.
Nakuba kube nezingqinamba ezithile, njengendaba yencwadi Imbewu Yethemba, lapho kwatholakala khona izingcezu ezingabhalwanga kahle, UJane wavuma obala iphutha lakhe. futhi wathembisa ukubuyekeza izinkomba, futhi ekhombisa nohlangothi lomuntu lomuntu oluvame ukwenziwa lube ngcono.
Izimpikiswano zendlela kanye nezingxoxo zesayensi
Indima kaJane Goodall kwezesayensi ayizange ibe nezinselele zayo. izingxoxo kanye nokugxekwa kwendlelaKusukela ekuqaleni, isinqumo sakhe sokuqamba ama-chimpanzee nokuxoxa ngemizwa nobuntu sagxekwa njengobuntu. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iningi lomphakathi wesayensi livumile ukuthi indlela yakhe yokuqonda ingqondo yesilwane yavula umnyango wokuqonda okucebile.
Esinye isici esidala impikiswano ukusetshenziswa kwe- iziteshi zikagesi ukuheha izimfene, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yokuqala eGombe. Abanye ososayensi bezinhlanga baye baphikisana ngokuthi lokhu kunikezwa kwempahla yokwenziwa kungenzeka ukuthi kwandise ubudlova, kwashintsha amaphethini okufuna ukudla, futhi kwakhuthaza izingxabano phakathi kwamaqembu, okuhlanganisa neMpi yaseGombe edumile.
Abacwaningi abanjengoMargaret Power baye bangabaza ukuthi idatha eqoqwe ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ibonisa kangakanani «ukuziphatha kwemvelo» kwezimfene. Abanye, njengoJim Moore, bakuphikisile lokhu kugxekwa, bethi ukuziphatha okufanayo kuye kwabonwa ezixukwini ezingakanikezwa. amazinga afanayo olaka kanye nezinguquko ezifanayo zendawo.
Ukudla kwakuyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kwakudingeka ukuze kubhekwe ukusebenzelana komphakathi ngokuningiliziwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ulwazi oluningi oluqoqwe belungeke lube khona. Wavuma ukuthi ukuhlanekezelwa kuye kwavela ekujuleni kwemikhuba ethile, kodwa wagcizelela ukuthi uhlobo oluyisisekelo lobudlova kanye nokuhlelwa kwezikhundla lwase lukhona kakade.
Impilo yomuntu siqu, ingokomoya kanye neminyaka kamuva
Umsebenzi kaJane Goodall awunakuhlukaniswa ngokuphelele naye umlando womuntu siqu nowemizwaNgo-1964 washada nomthwebuli wezithombe we-National Geographic uHugo van Lawick, owaqopha umsebenzi wakhe eGombe ngezinkulungwane zezithombe namahora okuqoshwa kwezithombe ngawo-1960 no-1970. Babenendodana eyodwa, uHugo Eric Louis, futhi bahlukanisa ngo-1974.
Kamuva, ngo-1975, washada Derek BrycesonNjengosopolitiki waseTanzania kanye nomqondisi wamapaki kazwelonke, isikhundla sakhe samvumela ukuthi avikele iphrojekthi yeGombe ngokunciphisa ezokuvakasha nokuqinisekisa indawo ethule yocwaningo. UBryceson washona ngo-1980 ngenxa yomdlavuza, okwashiya uJane engumfelokazi futhi ezinikele kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe kanye nendima yakhe ekhulayo njengomuntu odumile emphakathini.
Ezingeni elingokomoya, uJane uveze umbono ovulekile: uthi ukholelwa ku- amandla amakhulu okomoyaUzizwa lokhu kakhulu ikakhulukazi uma esesimweni semvelo, yize enganamatheli ngokuqinile kunoma iyiphi inkolo ethile. Lokhu kungokomoya kuhamba naye ezinkulumweni zakhe, lapho evame ukunxusa khona ithemba kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha kwezinye izidalwa.
Kuze kube ngaphambi nje kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, uGoodall wayehamba ngesivinini esikhulu, echitha izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-300 ngonyaka emihlanganweni, emihlanganweni nentsha, evakashela amaphrojekthi okulondolozwa kwemvelo, kanye nemicimbi yokusiza umphakathi. Ngisho nalapho iminyaka idlula, wahlala. izwi elisebenzayo elimelene nokubhujiswa kwezindawo zemvelo, unya lwezilwane kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina phakathi kwekhaya lakhe eNgilandi kanye nohambo olude lwamazwe ngamazwe. Imibiko yezehlakalo zokushona kwakhe iphawule ukuthi Washona eneminyaka engu-91, ngo-2025.Ngesikhathi sohambo lwakhe lokufundisa e-United States, washiya inethiwekhi enkulu yamaphrojekthi, abafundi, kanye nabantu abamthandayo abaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe.
Uma sibheka isithombe sonke, impilo nomsebenzi kaJane Goodall kwakha indaba ethakazelisayo lapho zihlangana khona ukutholakala kwesayensi okuguqukayo, uzwela olungavamile kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, kanye nobushoshovu obungapheliWabonisa ukuthi izimfene zenza futhi zisebenzisa amathuluzi, ziyazingela, zilwa, ziyathanda, ziyathukuthela, futhi ziyakhala; ukuthi imiphakathi yazo igcwele izinto ezihlukile; nokuthi, ngokuzibuka ngenhlonipho, sigcina singabaza izinhlobo zethu. Ifa lakhe liyaqhubeka nanamuhla kuzo zonke izifundo ze-primatology, kuzo zonke izinhlelo zemfundo ezibizwa ngegama lakhe, kanye nasezinkulungwaneni zentsha, eziphefumulelwe yisibonelo sakhe, ezinqume ukuzinikela ekunakekeleni izilwane kanye nomhlaba.
[i-url ehlobene = «https://www.cultura10.com/how-many-types-of-hominids-are-there/»]