Ziziphi iinombolo zamaRoma kwaye zisebenza njani? Imithetho kunye nezinto ezinomdla

Impucuko yaseRoma yayiyenye yezona zinto zichumileyo kumaxesha amandulo. Baphume phambili kwinkqubela phambili yabo kwiindawo ezininzi: bayile amaphephandaba, iindlela, imisele yamanzi, iindonga zaseRoma kunye nenkqubo yamanani eqhubeka isetyenziswa namhlanje kwiimeko ezithile: i amanani amaRoma. Kodwa, Ngaba uyayazi imigaqo yamanani amaRoma? Okulandelayo, siza kuphonononga le migaqo kwaye sichaze ngokweenkcukacha imvelaphi, indaleko kunye nendlela echanekileyo yokuyisebenzisa. iisimboli zaseRoma.

Imvelaphi yeesimboli zamaRoma

Inkqubo yamanani yamaRoma ivela kwi-Etruscans, abantu bakudala ababehlala kwiPeninsula yase-Italiya ngaphambi kokwandiswa kweRoma. Ama-Etruscans asebenzisa iisimboli ezifana no-I, Λ, X, Ψ, 8 kunye no-⊕ ukumela amanani, awathi kamva ahlengahlengiswa ngamaRoma. Amanani aseRoma agqama, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokuba a inkqubo engeyiyo indawo, ngokungafaniyo nenkqubo yesishumi esiyisebenzisayo namhlanje. Kunokuba athembele kwindawo yamanani, amaRoma ongezelela okanye athabatha iisimboli ngokuxhomekeke ekubekweni kwazo. Ngapha koko, ifomathi esiyaziyo yavela ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye akuzange kube ngamaXesha Aphakathi apho amanani azinza ngendlela esiyisebenzisa ngayo namhlanje.

Imithetho yamanani aseRoma

Inkqubo yamanani yamaRoma inokubonakala intsonkothile ekuqaleni, kodwa wakuba uyiqonda imigaqo esisiseko, ilula kakhulu. Emva koko, sichaza imigaqo ephambili yamanani aseRoma:

1. Ukufunda ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene: Njengenkqubo yethu yamanani, amanani esiRoma afundwa ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Oku akuyongxaki kwinkcubeko yethu, kuba inkqubo yethu yokufunda ilandela icala elifanayo.
2. Iisimboli I, X, C kunye no-M zinokuphindwa ukuya kuthi ga kathathu. Umzekelo, u-III umele inani u-3, kwaye u-XXX umele ama-30.
3. Iisimboli V, L kunye no-D azinakuphindwa. Ngoko ke, awukwazi ukubhala i-VV ukumela i-10, ayilunganga.
4. Ukudibanisa nokuthabatha ngokwendawo: Ukuba inani elincinane lidityaniswe ekunene kwelikhulu, liyadityaniswa. Umzekelo, VI (5 + 1) ngu-6. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani elincinane lingasekhohlo, liyathatyathwa. Umzekelo: IV (5 – 1) ilingana no-4.
5. Ukumela amawaka okanye izigidi, umgca ophezulu usetyenziswa phezu kwenani, nto leyo ethetha ukuphindaphinda ngo-1000. Umzekelo: V imele 5000.

Ukumelwa komthamo omkhulu

Ukongeza kwimithetho esisiseko, amaRoma ayekwazi ukumela amanani amakhulu. Ukwenza oku, basebenzise ibha ephezulu ngaphezu kweesimboli, ephindaphinda ixabiso lenani nge-1000.

Ngokusetyenziswa kwezi zivalo, amaRoma akwazi ukumela izixa ezikhulu ngakumbi, kuquka nezigidi. Umzekelo, X imele i-10.000, kwaye MM Inokuba zizigidi ezibini.

Inkqubo ye-duodecimal yamaqhezu

Inyaniso enomdla malunga nenkqubo yaseRoma kukuba nabo babenayo inkqubo duodecimal ukumela amaqhezu. Le nkqubo ivumele ukuba inani lahlulwe libe ngamacandelo ali-12 alinganayo, aququzelela ukubalwa kwamaqhezu aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, njenge ¼ okanye ½. Ukumela amaqhezu amancinci, amaRoma ayesebenzisa isimboli I kwiiyunithi kunye nonobumba S kwisiqingatha (isiqingatha). Imali yengqekembe yamaRoma nayo ilandele le nkqubo ye-duodecimal, isebenzisa «ichaphaza» ukumela i-ounce okanye isinye kwishumi elinesibini lengqekembe.

Amanani aseRoma namhlanje

Namhlanje, amanani aseRoma ayaqhubeka efumana indawo yawo ekubaleni iinkulungwane, izahluko zeencwadi, amagama ooPopu nooKumkani, iimuvi kunye neziganeko zemidlalo ezifana neMidlalo yeOlimpiki okanye iSuper Bowl.

• Amagama ooPopu kunye neeKumkani: UJohn Paul II, uHenry VIII.
• Iinkulungwane: Inkulungwane yama-21, inkulungwane ye-13.
• Amanani eSahluko: Isahluko X, iSahluko III.
• Iziganeko: Super Bowl LIV, Imidlalo yeOlimpiki XXIX.

Iimpawu kunye nomnqweno wenkqubo yamanani aseRoma

Icacile into yokuba Inkqubo yamanani amaRoma Yayisetyenziswa ngabantu ababephila kumaxesha amandulo ka UBukhosi baseRoma. Njengophawu oluphambili sifumanisa ukuba kule nkqubo yamanani oonobumba abathile basetyenziswa njengeempawu zamanani. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba amanani aseRoma a Inkqubo yokubala amanani. Sithetha ukuthini? Oko kukuthi, banamashumi, amakhulu, amawaka, njalo njalo. Inyaniso enomdla esimele singasileli ukuyikhankanya yileyo akukho nani likhulu ukutyumba ukungabikho kwezinto (eli nani lalisaziwa ukususela kwixesha laseBhabhiloni, kodwa laziswa kuphela njengenani eIndiya kwiminyaka yoo-900 kwaye laziwa ehlabathini lonke ngenxa yama-Arabhu, nangona kusaziwa ukuba iimonki uDionysius Exiguus kunye noSaint Bede kwiminyaka 525 kunye ne-725 basebenzisa isimboli esingu-N ukumela i-0, kodwa le nto ayisetyenziswa ngoku). Ngaphakathi kwamanani aseRoma Akukho manani a-negative nawo. Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba zisetyenziselwa okwangoku ngenani imiqulu eyahlukeneyo okanye iincwadi zeencylopedia (Umqulu I, Umqulu II), sikwasebenzisela zona amagama ooKumkani, ooPopu kunye namanye amanani ecawa (uPopu Benedict XVI), we Izenzo nemiboniso evela kumdlalo weqonga Iyasetyenziswa kwakhona (uMthetho woku-2, uMfanekiso wesi-XNUMX). Inkqubo yamanani yamaRoma isetyenziswa namhlanje kwi ukuqeshwa kwenkongolo, IiOlimpiki kunye neminye iminyhadala (II Congress of Medicine), siyayisebenzisa ukulungiselela Ukubalwa kweefilimu ezahlukeneyo zesaga efanayo (Rocky, Rocky II, Rocky III njalo njalo), kunye nabanye. Iinombolo zamaRoma zinexabiso elibalulekileyo lenkcubeko, njengoko zisidibanisa kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye zisikhumbuza ngeengcambu zenkqubo yethu yangoku yokubala. Nangona ingeyonkqubo esebenzayo yokubala izibalo ezinkulu, ubukho bayo buqinisekisiwe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bale mihla. Ukuba nobuchule kwimithetho yamanani aseRoma akuzukukunceda nje ukuba uqonde ngcono imbali nenkcubeko, kodwa kuya kukubonelela ngesixhobo esiluncedo sokufunda ngcono nokuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubala ezisasetyenziswa namhlanje.