Menene lambobin Roman kuma ta yaya suke aiki? Dokoki da son sani

Wayewar Romawa na ɗaya daga cikin mafi wadata a zamanin da. Sun yi fice don ci gabansu a fagage da yawa: sun ƙirƙira jaridu, hanyoyi, magudanan ruwa, Roman baka da kuma tsarin ƙidayar ƙidayar da ake ci gaba da amfani da shi a yau a wasu yanayi: da lambobin roman. Amma, Shin kun san dokokin adadin roman? Na gaba, za mu sake nazarin waɗannan dokoki kuma mu yi bayani dalla-dalla tushen, juyin halitta da kuma hanyar da ta dace don amfani da su. alamomin roman.

Tushen alamun Roman

Tsarin lambobi na Romawa ya samo asali ne daga Etruscans, mutanen da suka zauna a tsibirin Italiya kafin fadada Roma. Etruscans sun yi amfani da alamomi kamar I, L, X, Ψ, 8, da ⊕ don wakiltar lambobi, waɗanda daga baya Romawa suka karbe su. Lambobin Roman sun shahara, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, don kasancewa a tsarin da ba na matsayi ba, sabanin tsarin decimal da muke amfani da shi a yau. Maimakon dogara ga matsayin lambobi, Romawa sun ƙara ko rage alamomi dangane da wurin sanya su. A haƙiƙa, tsarin da muka sani ya samo asali ne a hankali, kuma ba sai tsakiyar zamanai ba ne lambobin suka daidaita ta hanyar da muke amfani da su a yau.

Dokokin adadi na Roman

Tsarin lambobi na Roman na iya zama kamar rikitarwa da farko, amma da zarar kun fahimci ka’idodi na asali, abu ne mai sauqi qwarai. Na gaba, mun bayyana manyan ka’idojin lambobin Roman:

1. Karatu daga hagu zuwa dama: Kamar tsarin lissafin mu, ana karanta lambobin Roman daga hagu zuwa dama. Wannan ba matsala ba ce a al’adunmu, tunda tsarin karatunmu yana bin alkibla iri daya.
2. Alamun I, X, C da M ana iya maimaita su har sau uku. Misali, III yana wakiltar lamba 3, kuma XXX yana wakiltar 30.
3. Ba za a iya maimaita alamun V, L da D ba. Don haka, ba za ku iya rubuta VV don wakiltar 10 ba, ba daidai ba ne.
4. Ƙara da ragi bisa ga matsayi: Idan an ƙara ƙarami lamba zuwa dama mafi girma, ana ƙara shi. Misali, VI (5 + 1) shine 6. Duk da haka, idan ƙaramin lamba yana hagu, an cire shi. Misali: IV (5 – 1) daidai 4.
5. Don wakiltar dubban ko miliyoyin, ana amfani da babban layi akan lambar, wanda ke nufin ninka ta 1000. Misali: V wakiltar 5000.

Wakilin adadi mai yawa

Baya ga ƙa’idodi na asali, Romawa kuma sun sami damar wakiltar lambobi masu girma. Don yin wannan, sun yi amfani da sandar saman sama da alamomin, wanda ya ninka darajar lambar da 1000.

Tare da yin amfani da waɗannan sanduna, Romawa sun sami damar wakiltar adadi mai yawa, gami da miliyoyin. Misali, X wakiltar 10.000, kuma MM Zai zama miliyan biyu.

Tsarin duodecimal don raguwa

Gaskiya mai ban sha’awa game da tsarin Romawa shine cewa su ma suna da a tsarin duodecimal don wakiltar juzu’i. Wannan tsarin ya ba da damar raba lambar zuwa kashi 12 daidai, wanda ya sauƙaƙe lissafin ɓangarorin gama gari da ake amfani da su a rayuwar yau da kullun, kamar 1/4 ko 1/2. Don wakiltar ƙananan ɓangarorin, Romawa sun yi amfani da alamar I don raka’a da harafin S ga rabin (semis). Har ila yau tsabar kuɗin Romawa ya bi wannan tsarin duodecimal, ta yin amfani da «dot» don wakiltar oza ɗaya ko ɗaya cikin goma sha biyu na tsabar kudin.

Lambobin Roman a yau

A yau, lambobin Romawa suna ci gaba da samun matsayinsu a cikin ƙidaya ƙarni, surori na littattafai, sunayen Paparoma da Sarakuna, fina-finai da wasannin motsa jiki kamar wasannin Olympics ko Super Bowl.

• Sunayen Paparoma da Sarakuna: John Paul II, Henry VIII.
• Karnuka: Karni na 21, Karni na 13.
• Lambobin Babi: Babi na X, Babi na III.
• Abubuwan da ke faruwa: Super Bowl LIV, Wasannin Olympics XXIX.

Halaye da sha’awar tsarin adadin Roman

A bayyane yake cewa Tsarin adadi na Roman An yi amfani da shi da mutanen da suka rayu a zamanin da Roman Empire. A matsayin babban halayyar da muka samu a cikin wannan tsarin adadi ana amfani da wasu haruffa azaman alamomin lambobiHakanan yana da mahimmanci a ambaci cewa lambobin Romawa sune a tsarin lambar lambobiMe muke nufi da haka? Muna nufin suna da goma, ɗaruruwa, dubbai, da sauransu. Wani al’amari mai ban sha’awa wanda bai kamata mu yi kasa a gwiwa ba wajen ambata shi ne babu lambar sifili don zayyana rashin wanzuwar abubuwa (wannan lambar da aka sani tun zamanin Babila, amma an gabatar da ita azaman lamba a Indiya a cikin 900s kuma ya zama sananne a duniya saboda godiya ga Larabawa, ko da yake an san cewa sufaye Dionysius Exiguus da Saint Bede a cikin shekaru 525 da 725 sun yi amfani da alamar N don wakiltar 0, amma wannan ba a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi). A cikin lambobin Roman babu lambobi marasa kyau ko dai. Yana da mahimmanci a san cewa a halin yanzu ana amfani dasu lamba daban-daban kundin ko littattafan kundin sani (Volume I, Volume II), muna amfani da su don sunayen Sarakuna, Pope da sauran siffofin cocin (Paparoma Benedict na XNUMX), don ayyuka da wuraren kallo daga wasan kwaikwayo Hakanan ana amfani dashi (Dokar I, Scene 2). Ana amfani da tsarin lambobin Roman a yau don majalisar ganawa, Olympics da sauran abubuwan da suka faru (II Congress of Medicine), muna kuma yin amfani da shi don lambobi na fina-finai daban-daban na wannan saga (Rocky, Rocky II, Rocky III, da sauransu). Lambobin Romawa suna da ƙima na al’adu masu mahimmanci, suna haɗa mu da abubuwan da suka gabata kuma suna tunatar da mu tushen tsarin lambobin mu na yanzu. Duk da yake ba a yi amfani da shi ba don hadadden lissafin lissafin lissafi, kasancewarsu ba zai iya musantawa ba a fannoni daban-daban na rayuwar zamani. Kwarewar ƙa’idodin lambobi na Roman ba kawai zai haɓaka fahimtar tarihi da al’ada ba amma kuma yana samar da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don karantawa da fahimtar nau’ikan ƙididdiga daban-daban da har yanzu ake amfani da su a yau.