Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amaqembu amaningana ocwaningo athole iqiniso lokuthi, okungenani, likhulisa izinwele: Kunamahlengethwa amaningi asele elahlekile anomonakalo wobuchopho ofana nowe-Alzheimer’s yabantu.Lokho okwakuyinsolo nje engavamile manje kusekelwa yizifundo zofuzo, ukuhlaziywa kobuthi, kanye nokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezidumbu zalezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle eFlorida, eScotland, nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.
Kunokuba nje kube yinto ethakazelisayo yesayensi, Lokhu okutholakele kuxhumanisa izingcezu ezintathu ezinkulu zephazili efanayo: ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukungcola kwamanzi, kanye nezifo eziwohlokayo zemizwa.Amahlengethwa asebenza “njengabalindi” bangempela bolwandle, futhi ngokubuka okwenzeka ebuchosheni bawo, ochwepheshe abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi asiboni yini isixwayiso sasekuqaleni salokho okungase kwenzeke nasezinhlotsheni zethu.
Ama-dolphin anezici ezifana ne-Alzheimer’s: yini etholakale ngempela
Esinye sezimo ezifundwe kahle kakhulu sivela ogwini olusempumalanga yeFlorida, eMfuleni i-Indian Lagoon, indawo yokungena efudunyezwa yisimo sezulu futhi egcwele izakhamzimba ezivela kumanyolo wezolimo namanzi angcolile. Sekuphele iminyaka ecishe ibe yishumi, Ososayensi baseNyuvesi yaseMiami bahlaziye ubuchopho bamahlengethwa angama-20 e-bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) avaleleke kuleli chibi., indawo edume ngokudabukisayo ngezimbali zayo eziphindaphindayo zama-cyanobacteria kanye nama-microalgae anobuthi.
Kutholakale ubuthi be-neurotoxin obuqondile kulezi zilwane: I-2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4-DAB), i-amino acid eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ekhiqizwa yi-algae ethile namagciwaneLesi sici siqongelela ezicutshini zobuchopho babo size sibe namazinga aphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele lapho ukuqhakaza kwe-algae enobuthi kufinyelela phezulu. Kwezinye izimo, ukugcwala kwe-2,4-DAB ebuchosheni kufinyelele Izikhathi ezi-2.900 eziphakeme ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali kunokuba kube ngezikhathi ezingenazo.
Amahlengethwa agwinya ubuthi ngokusebenzisa izinhlanzi nama-mollusk angcolileNgokufanayo nendlela ezinye izilwane (kufaka phakathi abantu) ezivezwa ngayo kumakhemikhali akhishwa “amagagasi abomvu,” lokhu kukhula kwemvelo ochungechungeni lokudla kwenza amahlengethwa izinhlobo zonogada zesimo sezindawo zemvelo zasogwiningoba bagxila emizimbeni yabo lokho okuzungeza endaweni yasolwandle iminyaka eminingi.
Okutholakele okuphazamisa kakhulu kwaba lapho, ngaphezu kokulinganisa ubuthi, abacwaningi behlola i-biology yama-molecule yobuchopho. Ngokuhlaziya i-transcriptome (izakhi zofuzo ezivezwa ngenkuthalo) ye-cerebral cortex, bathole okungaphezu kwalokho. Izakhi zofuzo ezingu-500 ezinokubonakaliswa okushintshile kuma-dolphin abhekene nezimbali ezinobuthiEziningi zazo zifana nalezo ezibonakala zingasebenzi kahle ebuchosheni bomuntu ezinesifo i-Alzheimer’s.
Izinguquko azizange zigcinelwe esifundeni esincane: Ezingeni lezindlela zemizwa kubalulekile; ubuchopho balezi zinhlengethwa base beqala «ukukhuluma ulimi olufanayo» nolwabantu abanesifo sokuwohloka komqondo.Ucwaningo, olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Communications Biology (Nature), lwaphakamisa ngokuqinile okokuqala umbono wokuthi isilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle singabonisa izimpawu zofuzo ezicishe zifane nezesifo somuntu.
Izimbali ze-cyanobacteria kanye ne-neurotoxin 2,4-DAB
Izimbali ze-cyanobacteria kanye nezinye izinhlobo ze-microalgae ezinobuthi, ezaziwa ngesiNgisi ngokuthi Izimbali Eziyingozi Ze-Algal (ama-HAB), aseyinto evame kakhulu ogwini nasemachwebeni amanzi afudumele. Ukufudumala komhlaba kanye nezakhamzimba eziningi (i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus) ezivela kwezolimo kanye namanzi angcolile kudala indawo efanele yokuzalela lezi «sobho eziluhlaza».
Ezindaweni ezifana ne-Indian River Lagoon, «Izimbali ezinkulu» zenzeka cishe njalo ehloboZinciphisa kakhulu amazinga omoya-mpilo emanzini, ziminyanise izinhlanzi, futhi zibhubhise amadlelo otshani basolwandle lapho ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zithembele khona. Ngaphezu kwale miphumela ebonakalayo, zikhipha ingxube yobuthi obuqongelela kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yokudla: izinhlanzi, ama-mollusk, izinyoni zasolwandle, izilwane ezincelisayo zasemhlabeni, kanye, namahlengethwa nabantu abadla ukudla kwasolwandle noma abaphefumula ama-aerosol angcolile.
I-2,4-DAB, isihloko socwaningo lwaseFlorida, yayibhekwa njengomuthi we-neurolathyrogenic ngokomlando, okusho ukuthi okukwazi ukulimaza imicu yezinzwa nokushintsha ibhalansi kagesi yama-neuronsIsebenza njenge-amino acid evuselelayo engabangela ukucasuka okukhulu, ukuthuthumela, ukuxhuzula, kanye nezinye izimpawu zezinzwa lapho umuntu evezwe ngokushesha.
Isihluthulelo semisebenzi emisha ukuthi I-2,4-DAB iyingozi ngokulinganayo ekuchayekeni okungapheli, okuphakathi, kanye nokwesizini.Ihlobo ngalinye elinezimbali ezinkulu lisebenza njengegagasi lokwethuka, lishiya «isibazi» sama-molecule ebuchosheni bamahlengethwa. Ngesizini ngayinye efudumele, izinguquko ziyaqongelela ekubonakalisweni kwezakhi zofuzo, amaprotheni abalulekile, kanye nesakhiwo se-neuronal, njengokungathi indawo ezungezile yayihlanganisa izendlalelo zomonakalo okunzima ukuzibuyisela emuva.
Iphethini icacile kangangokuthi ososayensi baqinisekisile ubudlelwano obuqondile: Njengoba ihlengethwa laliphila iminyaka eminingi ngokulandelana phakathi kwezimbali ezinobuthi, umonakalo wezakhi zofuzo wawubonakala ujule kakhulu.Ukuwohloka akuzange kuvele ngokuzumayo, kodwa kwanda kancane kancane, izinkathi ngesizini, lapho izinga lokushisa lolwandle kanye nokungcola kusebenza njengophethiloli.
Ubuchopho behlengethwa obulingisa iminonjana yesifo i-Alzheimer’s somuntu
Ngokutadisha ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izakhi zofuzo ezishintshe ebuchosheni bamahlengethwa, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi kushintshiwe Amasignesha angu-536 e-transcriptomic ahlobene nemisebenzi ebalulekile ye-neuronalKulawo ma-gene, angaphezu kuka-400 abonise ukwanda komsebenzi kanti angaphezu kwe-100 avale ingxenye noma cishe ngokuphelele.
Phakathi kwalabo abathinteke kakhulu kwakuyizakhi zofuzo ezihlotshaniswa Ukudluliselwa kwe-neurotransmission ye-GABAergicI-GABA iyi-neurotransmitter eyinhloko evimbelayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi, ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukucasuka ngokweqile kobuchopho. Kutholakale ukwehla okukhulu kwamazinga e-enzyme kuma-dolphin atholakale ku-2,4-DAB. i-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)unesibopho sokuguqula i-glutamate (excitatory) ibe yi-GABA (inhibitory). Lokhu kungalingani kwenza uhlelo luphendukele ekujabuleni okukhulu, okuholela ekushayweni yizithuthwane, izifo zengqondo, kanye nezinqubo zokuwohloka kwemizwa.
Ukwehla kokubonakaliswa [kwento ethile] sekuyaziwa kakade esifweni se-Alzheimer’s kubantu. I-GAD1 ne-GAD2Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi ukuba khona kwe-2,4-DAB kungasheshisa lokho kwehla kwamahlengethwa. ukusunduza inethiwekhi yezinzwa ibe sesimweni sokucindezeleka okungapheliNgesikhathi esifanayo, kwabonakala izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo ezakha ulwelwesi olungaphansi kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho, okubalulekile ekuqiniseni ubuqotho be- isithiyo sobuchopho begaziokusebenza njengesihlungi esivikela izinto ezinobuthi ezivela egazini.
Elinye iqembu lezakhi zofuzo ezishintshiwe lithinta izici ezivamile eziyingozi zesifo i-Alzheimer’s kubantu. Umsebenzi owandisiwe wezakhi zofuzo [igama lezakhi zofuzo] uphawuleka kakhulu. I-APOEI-APOE, ebhekwa njengenye yezimpawu zofuzo eziyinhloko zokuthambekela kulesi sifo kubantu. Kwamanye amahlengethwa, ukubonakaliswa kwe-APOE kwanda izikhathi ezingu-6,5. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izakhi zofuzo ezifana I-NRG3Njengoba zibalulekile ekwakhekeni nasekugcinweni kwama-synapses, umsebenzi wazo wehla kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukulinganisela kwezinzwa.
Abacwaningi bathole nokusebenza ngokweqile kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokuvuvukala kanye nokufa kwamaseli okuhleliwe, njengokuthi I-TNFRSF25Lesi siphepho sokuvuvukala, esihlanganiswe nobuthi obuvela emoyeni kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwesithiyo segazi nobuchopho, sakha inhlanganisela eqhumayo yezicubu zemizwa, efana kakhulu naleyo ebonwa ebuchosheni beziguli ezingabantu ezine-Alzheimer’s ethuthukile.
Uma lokho bekunganele, izicubu zamahlengethwa ezihlaziywe eFlorida nakwezinye izifundo zangaphambilini zitholakale ama-beta-amyloid plaques, ama-tau protein ane-hyperphosphorylated, kanye ne-TDP-43 inclusionsLokhu kushintsha kwamaprotheni amathathu kuyizimpawu eziphawulekayo zesifo i-Alzheimer’s yomuntu kanye nezinye izifo zokulahlekelwa yingqondo ezihlobene. Lokhu kuhlangana akubonakali kuyingozi nje: konke kusikisela ukuthi ubuchopho balezi zilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle bulandela indlela ewohlokayo efana neyethu.
Amanye ama-toxin e-cyanobacteria: indima ye-BMAA nama-isomers ayo
I-2,4-DAB akuyona yodwa i-neurotoxin evela ku-cyanobacteria ekhathaza umphakathi wesayensi. I-β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) kanye nama-isomer ayo amaningana kutholakale ukuthi amakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu kuma-neuron, ekwazi ukuvusa izifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer’s futhi ibangele ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo kumamodeli ezilwane zaselabhorethri.
Ucwaningo ngenani labantu esiqhingini saseGuam lubonise ukuthi ukuchayeka njalo ebuthi be-cyanobacteria ngokudla Kungabangela izimo zezinzwa ezinezici ze-Alzheimer’s nezinye izifo eziwohlokayo. Lezi zinto ziqongelela ochungechungeni lokudla ngendlela efanayo ne-2,4-DAB, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle nezasechibini ezine-eutrophic kakhulu.
Endabeni yamahlengethwa, Ucwaningo oluthile lwamahlengethwa angama-20 e-bottlenose avaleleke eMfuleni i-Indian luveze ukuthi kukhona i-BMAA kanye nama-isomers ayo amaningana ebuchosheni.kufaka phakathi i-2,4-DAB eshiwo ngenhla. Izinhlobo ze-cyanobacteria ezafa ngesikhathi sesizini sehlobo esiphezulu sezimila ze-cyanobacteria zibonise amazinga amakhulu angu-2,4-DAB, afinyelela ku-2.900 aphezulu kunalawo alinganiswa ezilwaneni kusukela ezikhathini ezingaqhakazi.
I-neuropathology ebonwe kula mahlengethwa ihlanganisa ama-plaque e-β-amyloid, ama-tau ane-hyperphosphorylated tau, kanye nama-TDP-43 depositsLokhu okutholakele, kuhlanganiswe nezinguquko zofuzo ezingu-536 ezihlobene nesifo i-Alzheimer’s sabantu esitholakale ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi… Asibhekene nokulimala okulula okuhlukile, kodwa sibhekene nesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuwohloka esibangelwa ubuthi bemvelo..
Izibuyekezo zakamuva kumajenali afana nalawa Izinxube y I-European Journal ye-Neuroscience Baveza ukuthi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kulezi zinzwa ezingokwemvelo kubangela ukucasuka ngokweqile kwemizwa, amazinga aphansi ama-enzyme afana ne-glutamate decarboxylase, kanye nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-synapticZonke lezi zinqubo zibhekwa njengezici ezibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezifo ze-neurodegenerative, ngakho-ke okutholakele kuma-dolphin kuhambisana nalokho osekubonwe kakade kumamodeli ezilwane nakwezinye izimo zabantu.
Ukungazinzi, ukudideka, kanye nombono «womholi ogulayo»
Ngale kwezinombolo, imiphumela ibonakala ngokucacile ogwini. Enye yezinto ezibuhlungu kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umthandi wolwandle ukuthola ihlengethwa noma umkhomo ufela ogwini lolwandleEzimweni ezinjalo, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela zivame ukumanzisa isikhumba sazo ngamabhakede amanzi olwandle, zisimboze ngezingubo zokulala ezimanzi ukuze zivimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, bese zizama ukuzisiza zibuyele emanzini njengoba amanzi ekhuphuka.
Ngemuva kweziningi zalezi zigcawu kukhona umbuzo ophindaphindayo: Kungani izilwane eziningi kangaka zase-cetacean zigcina zilahlekile futhi zifela ogwini? Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwacatshangelwa imibono eminingi: kusukela ekushayweni yimikhumbi kanye nomsindo ongaphansi kwamanzi ovela kubantu kuya ezifweni, izinguquko emifuleni noma ukuphishekela inyamazane emanzini angajulile.
Iqembu labacwaningi baseMelika laphakamisa umbono ongakhululekile kodwa onengqondo kakhulu: Njengoba nje abanye abantu abanesifo sokuwohloka komqondo belahleka kude nekhaya, amanye amahlengethwa angase adideke ngenxa yezinqubo zokuwohloka kobuchopho ezifana ne-Alzheimer’s.Uma isistimu yayo yokuzwa umsindo kanye nohlelo lokuzulazula lonakala, isilwane singase sigcine sisezindaweni okungafanele sibe kuzo, lapho kunengozi enkulu kakhulu yokubhajwa.
E-United Kingdom, izifundo zokuhlolwa kwangemva kokufa kwama-odontocetes angu-22 (imikhomo enamazinyo), okuhlanganisa Amahlengethwa ase-bottlenose, amahlengethwa anomlomo omhlophe, ama-port porpoise, imikhomo yama-pilot enamafindo amade, kanye nemikhomo yama-pilot enamafindo amafushaneBathole ezibonelweni ezintathu ezindala izici zobuchopho ezifana neze-Alzheimer’s yomuntu: ukuqongelela kwe-beta-amyloid kuma-plaque, ukugoba kweprotheni ye-tau kanye nokwanda kwamaseli e-glial ahlobene nokuvuvukala kobuchopho.
Lokhu kuhlangana kwemibono kunikeze amandla kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi inkolelo-mbono «yomholi ogulayo»Ngokwalo mbono, amaqembu emikhomo enamazinyo ahamba ngemihlambi angase alandele umuntu osekhulile, ngenxa yesifo sokuwohloka komqondo noma ukukhubazeka okufanayo kokuqonda, olahlekelwa indlela yakhe bese engena emanzini angajulile. Ezinye izilwane, ezibonakala ziphilile, ziyalandela ngenxa yokuzwana komphakathi futhi zigcina zivaleleke ngokulinganayo ogwini.
Nakuba ososayensi bengenakukuqinisekisa ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlushwa ukukhubazeka kwengqondo okufanayo nomuntu one-Alzheimer’s, Ukufana kwe-neuropathological kusobala kakhulu kangangokuthi kunzima ukukholwa ukuthi ukuziphatha kwabo akuthinteki.Inselele enkulu ukuthi, ngokungafani nabantu, inkumbulo noma ukuqondiswa kwabo akukwazi ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo kusetshenziswa amabhethri okuhlola ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ku-neurology.
Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukuziphatha, kanye nempilo yobuchopho
Enye indlela enezela ubunzima enkingeni ukuzwa. Kumahlengethwa nakwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, Indawo yokushintshashintsha kwemizwa, esekelwe emsindweni, iyisisekelo sokuqondisa, ukuthola ukudla, nokugcina ubumbano emphakathini.Noma yiluphi ushintsho ekhonweni labo lokuzwa lungaphazamisa ngokuphelele impilo yabo yansuku zonke.
Izifundo zangaphambilini zikhombisile ukuthi, okungenani, Ingxenye yamahlengethwa avaleleke ezwa kakhulu noma alahlekelwe kakhulu yizindlebe.Nakuba ucwaningo oluyinhloko e-Indian River Lagoon lungazange lufake i-audiometry kuzo zonke izibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-brain transcriptome kwembule okuthile okumangalisayo: ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlobene nokuzwa, njengokuthi I-MYO1F, STRC ne-SYNE4Kwakuhlobene nokuchayeka ku-2,4-DAB, nesizini yokuqhakaza, kanye nonyaka wokulenga.
Kubantu kuyaziwa ukuthi Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kuyisici esiyingozi sokukhubazeka komqondo futhi kungasheshisa noma kusheshise ukuqala kwesifo i-Alzheimer’s.Iqiniso lokuthi ama-dolphin abonisa izimpawu zokuwohloka kwemizwa, ukuchayeka ebuthi be-cyanobacterial, kanye noshintsho ezizakhini zofuzo zokuzwa lisikisela ukuthi indawo enobuthi ingathinta ngasikhathi sinye izinhlelo eziningana ezibucayi, ishiye isilwane singenazo amathuluzi aso ayinhloko okuqondiswa nokusebenzisana.
Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle ezihilelekile kulo msebenzi zigcizelela ukuthi Ukuhlanganiswa kobuthi be-neuro kanye nokukhubazeka kwemizwa kushintsha ukuziphatha, kuvimbele ukuhamba, futhi kunciphisa izibopho zomphakathi. ngaphakathi kwamaqembu amahlengethwa. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okuthi kube nokugoba okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana namagagasi okushisa okukhulu noma iziqongo zokungcola.
Eqinisweni, ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku- I-PLOS ONE Ngo-2019 kwase kubonisile kakade ukuthi Ukunamathela kanye nezinkinga zezinzwa kumahlengethwa kuyanda ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okunobuthi.Lokhu kuyinto umsebenzi wakamuva eFlorida nakwezinye izifunda okuqinisekisayo ngokuthola ubudlelwano obufanayo bezinkathi phakathi kobuthi be-neurotoxin, izinguquko zokuziphatha, kanye nokufa ogwini.
Izakhi zofuzo ezabiwe: yini ehlanganisa ubuchopho bamahlengethwa nabantu
Esinye sezizathu ezenza lokhu okutholakele kwadonsela ukunaka okukhulu ukuthi Ama-dolphin abelana ngokufana okumangalisayo kwama-molecule nabantu ezindleleni ezihlobene nesifo i-Alzheimer’s.Akukhona nje ukuthi ubuchopho babo bukhulu futhi buyinkimbinkimbi noma ukuthi banezindlela zokuziphatha ezithuthukile kwezenhlalo; ezingeni leprotheni kanye nezakhi zofuzo, ukufana kukhulu nakakhulu.
Umsebenzi wangaphambilini ukhombisile ukuthi Uchungechunge lwe-amino acid lwe-beta-amyloid peptide ezinhlotsheni eziningana zamahlengethwa lufana nolwabantu.Iphrotheni ye-amyloid precursor (APP) ihlanganiswe futhi yahlanganiswa kuma-dolphin afana ne-Stenella coeruleoalba, i-Tursiops truncatus kanye ne-Globicephala melas (i-Risso’s dolphin), okuqinisekisa ukuthi i-isoform eyinhloko inokufana okungu-95% ne-APP yomuntu engu-770 amino acid.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo ziveza amaprotheni abalulekile ahilelekile ekucutshungulweni kwe-APP ukuze kukhiqizwe i-peptide ye-amyloid: i-beta-secretase (BACE) kanye ne-presenilin 1 kanye ne-2, izingxenye eziyisisekelo ze-gamma-secretase complexNgamanye amazwi, amahlengethwa anemishini yama-molecule efanayo ebuchosheni bawo njengoba sinayo ukuze akhiqize futhi aqoqe i-beta-amyloid.
Lokhu kufana kwenza kube njalo Ukuvela kwama-plaque e-amyloid kumahlengethwa asebekhulile akumangazi kangako ngokombono webhayoloji.kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuthi ukuphila isikhathi eside kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside endaweni ezungezile kungabangela kanjani izinqubo ezifanayo zokuwohloka kwemizwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
Ngenxa yokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside kanye nesikhundla esiphakeme ochungechungeni lokudla, Ama-cetacean aqoqa ukungcola kwamakhemikhali, izinsimbi ezisindayo, kanye nobuthi bezinto eziphilayo emashumini eminyaka edlule.Uma lokhu kuhlanganiswa nesimo sezulu esivumela ukuqhakaza okunobuthi okuphindaphindiwe, isimo sokuvela kwezifo eziyinkimbinkimbi njenge-Alzheimer’s siba maningi amathuba.
Imiphumela empilweni yabantu kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Omunye wemiyalezo ephindaphindwa ochwepheshe ukuthi, yize Akunakushiwo ngokusobala ukuthi i-2,4-DAB noma ezinye izinto ezinobuthi be-cyanobacterial zibangela i-Alzheimer’s kubantuUkufana kwama-molecule kanye nokwe-pathological okubonwa kuma-dolphin kuyamangalisa kakhulu ukuba kungashaywa indiva.
Amahlengethwa aseBottlenose avame ukubhekwa isilwane sesibili esihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeniZingemuva kwethu futhi zingaphambi kwezinkawu ezinkulu ngamakhono athile. Ziyakwazi ukuzibona esibukweni, zifunde izinhlelo zokuxhumana eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi zidlulisele ukuziphatha kwamasiko, njengokusebenzisa iziponji ukuvikela ikhala lazo ngenkathi zifuna ukudla. Kuyamangaza ukuthi isilwane esinaleli zinga lobuchwepheshe bengqondo sibonisa amaphethini okuwohloka kobuchopho afana kakhulu nawethu. Kuvula isibuko esingakhululekile mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwendawo ezungezile nempilo yezinzwa..
Ezindaweni ezifana neMiami-Dade County, okwathi ngo-2024 kwaqoshwa ukwanda okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-Alzheimer’s e-United StatesAbanye abacwaningi bayazibuza ukuthi ukuchayeka njalo eziqhakazeni ze-cyanobacteria ezindaweni zemvelo eziseduze kungase kube yini enye into eyingozi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini ngenxa yobudala, izakhi zofuzo, noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi Amagagasi abomvu nezinye izimbali ezinobuthi sezivele ziholele ekuvalweni kwamabhishi, ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi eziningi, kanye nezigameko zezinkinga zokuphefumula kubantu. abaphefumula ama-aerosol asolwandle angcolile eFlorida nakwezinye izingxenye eziningi zomhlaba. Uma sinezela kulokhu umthelela wesikhathi eside ongaba khona ebuchosheni, isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuhlola indima edlalwa yilezi zinobuthi bemvelo ezifweni eziwohlokayo zemizwa siba siphuthumayo kunanini ngaphambili.
Abalobi bezifundo eziyinhloko bagcizelela ukuthi kusadingeka ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi kokuhlobana kanye nokubangwa. Ukuqonda izindlela zamaseli kanye nezakhi zofuzo eziguqula ukuqhakaza okulula kube usongo empilweni yobuchopho Kuyisihluthulelo sokukwazi ukuhlola izingozi, ukuklama izindlela zokuvimbela nokwenza izinqumo zokuphathwa kwemvelo ngokusekelwe ebufakazini obuqinile.
Okwamanje, amahlengethwa ahlala «engumthombo wethu wolwazi» ongcono kakhulu ngalokho okwenzekayo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuphila kwazo isikhathi eside, ukuzwela kwazo ubuthi, kanye nokufana kwazo nama-molecule kuzenza zibe uhlobo olukhethekile lwabalindi.Uma beqala ukukhombisa izimpawu ze-Alzheimer’s ezindaweni zemvelo ezibhekene nokucindezeleka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola, mhlawumbe ulwandle lusitshela okuthile okungafanele singakunaki.
Ngokuhlanganisa zonke lezi zingcezu ndawonye—izimbali ze-cyanobacteria ezinde futhi eziqine kakhulu, ubuthi be-neurotoxin njenge-2,4-DAB kanye ne-BMAA buqongelela ochungechungeni lokudla, amahlengethwa avaleleke anomonakalo wobuchopho ofana ne-Alzheimer’s, kanye nabantu abahlala futhi bebhukuda ezindaweni ezifanayo zasogwini— Isithombe esivelayo esolwandle olubonakalisa ngonya umthelela wemisebenzi yethu empilweni yeplanethi kanye nobuchopho bethu..