Kulesi sihloko sizohlola yiziphi izijobelelo neziqalo, asebenza kanjani kanye nendlela asetshenziswa ngayo ukuguqula incazelo yamagama. Lezi zakhi zohlelo lolimi zibalulekile ekuqondeni ukwakheka kwamagama ngeSpanishi, futhi lapha sizokuchaza ngokucacile nangokuningiliziwe ukuze wonke umuntu aqonde. yini isijobelelo y yini isiqalo.
Yini iziqalo?
I-Los Isiqalo Ziyizakhi ezibekwe phambili yegama futhi uguqule incazelo yalo. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi isiqalo sisebenza kanjani, ake sithathe igama Ingalo. Leli gama libhekisela engxenyeni yomzimba. Nokho, uma sengeza isiqalo NGOKUBUKA KWE (okusho ukuthi ‘phambi’), sithola igama IBANDLA, okubhekisela engxenyeni ehlukile yomzimba, ephambi kwengalo. Kulokhu, isiqalo siyishintshe ngokuphelele incazelo yegama.
Ngokwezobuchwepheshe, iziqalo ziyi amamofimu antula ukuzimela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi angeke asetshenziswe ngokuzimela, kodwa kunalokho adinga ukuhlanganiswa negama eliyisisekelo ukuze abe nencazelo ephelele. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi thola amagama amasha futhi uguqule incazelo yalezo esezivele zikhona.
Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zeziqalo
Ngezansi ezinye zeziqalo ezivame kakhulu ngesiSpanishi nencazelo yazo:
- I-Anti-: okuphambene noma ukuphikiswa. Izibonelo: okungezona ezemvelo, ama-antibiotic.
- Okuzenzakalelayo: ikhombisa into eyenziwe uwena. Izibonelo: imoto, ukuzifundisa.
- Phendula: ikhombisa ukuphindaphinda. Izibonelo: khetha kabusha, yenza kabusha.
- Ngaphakathi o Im-: ukuphika noma ukuntula. Izibonelo: akunakwenzeka, ukungafi.
Njengoba ubona, iziqalo zingangeza izincazelo ezintsha ngokuphelele kanye nama-nuances emagameni ayisisekelo, ngaphandle kokushintsha isigaba sazo sohlelo lolimi, ziwenze amathuluzi awusizo kakhulu okudala amagama amasha.
Ziyini izijobelelo?
I-Los izijobelelo Zisebenza ngokufana kakhulu neziqalo, kodwa zinomehluko owodwa oyinhloko: zibekwe ekupheleni kwempande yegama, futhi ingashintsha incazelo yalo ngokuqondile noma igcwalise leyo evele inalo. Isijobelelo sengeza ulwazi olwengeziwe empandeni yegama. Ngokwesibonelo:
Uma sithatha izwi I-MELON futhi sifaka isijobelelo -AR (okukhombisa ‘indawo lapho okuthile kuchichima khona’), sithola igama IMELONI, okusho ukuthi ‘indawo lapho amakhabe egcwele khona’.
Izijobelelo zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamagama amasha futhi ngokuvamile zishintsha isigaba sohlelo lwegama lokuqala. Isibonelo, ngokwengeza isijobelelo -ITO, okubonisa ukuncipha, egameni INJA, siyathola UMdlwane, okushintsha kokubili ubukhulu besilwane kanye nezinga lothando.
Izibonelo Ezivamile Zezijobelelo
- – kakhulu: ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Izibonelo: kuhle kakhulu, kuhle kakhulu.
- -ku/a: enciphile noma enothando. Izibonelo: indlu encane, isihlahla esincane.
- -baba: ukwakha amabizo angabonakali. Izibonelo: umusa, injabulo.
- -ngakwazi: into engaba. Izibonelo: unomusa, kungenzeka.
Njengeziqalo, izijobelelo nazo zingashintsha incazelo yegama futhi, ezimweni eziningi, zivumele igama eliyisisekelo ukuthi lisebenze kwesinye isigaba sohlelo.
Ukukhishwa
Ku ukudlula, kwakhiwa igama elisha lisuka enye ngokwengeza, ukususa noma ukushintshwa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-affixes (njengeziqalo nezijobelelo). I-Derivation ikuvumela ukuthi udale uhla lwamagama asuselwe kumsuka ovamile.
Isibonelo se i-parasynthetic shunt Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kokubili isiqalo nesijobelelo kwengezwa egameni eliyisisekelo kanye kanye. Kulokhu, uma sisusa zombili izinamathiselo (isiqalo nesijobelelo), sisala negama elingekho. Isibonelo kungaba ‘kukhutshaziwe’, lapho kokubili ‘dis-‘ kanye ‘-ed’ kubalulekile encazelweni egcwele yegama.
Izinhlobo ze-Bypass
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokutholwa, okuvame kakhulu ukwakheka emuva, lapho igama elisha litholwa ngo ukususwa kwesijobeleloLe nqubo isetshenziselwa ukwakha amabizo ezenzweni. Isibonelo, elithi ‘galope’ lisuselwa ku-‘galopar’ (ukuya kugalophu). Esinye isibonelo ‘inkulumo-mpikiswano’ (inkulumo-mpikiswano), okususelwa kuyo ‘inkulumo-mpikiswano’.
Lena inqubo evamile olimini lwansuku zonke futhi ibonisa ukuthi izinamathiselo zingenza kanjani abe lula amagama ayinkimbinkimbi.
Inani le-semantic leziqalo nezijobelelo
Ngokungeza a isimaphambili Njengoba sibonile ekuqaleni, isigaba sohlelo lwegama asishintshi, kodwa incazelo yalo iyashintsha. Isibonelo, izinguquko ‘ezinikwe amandla’ kokuthi ‘ikhutshaziwe’ ngesiqalo esithi ‘dis-‘, esibonisa ukuphika.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, a Isijobelelo Njengo-‘-baba’, ngokuvamile izokwakha amabizo eziphawulweni ngaphandle kokushintsha incazelo eyisisekelo yempande, kodwa izoshintsha ukusebenza kwayo emshweni. Isibonelo, ‘igual’ ishintsha isuka kusichasiso iye egameni elithi ‘igualdad’.
Kukhona neziqalo ezinazo incazelo engaphezu kweyodwaIcala elithakazelisayo yisiqalo esithi ‘re’, esingasho:
- ‘Futhi’, njengokuthi ‘thatha’ noma ‘funda kabusha’.
- ‘Ngokuphelele’, njengokuthi ‘gcwalisa’ noma ‘ikhava’.
Kwenzeka okufanayo ngezijobelelo. Isijobelelo esifana no-‘-ous’, esakha izichasiso, sengeza ikhwalithi ehlobanisa igama eliyisisekelo nesichasiso esiwumphumela, isibonelo: ‘uhlobo’ noma ‘uneqabunga’.
Kule vidiyo uzobona incazelo enemininingwane yesihloko: Incazelo yezijobelelo neziqalo.
Isiphetho: Iziqalo nezijobelelo ziyizici ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kolimi lwesiSpanishi. Ngokusetshenziswa kwalo, ulimi luvumelana nezimo futhi luvumela ukusungulwa kwamagama anezincazelo eziqondile kakhulu. Ukuqonda ukuthi iziqalo nezijobelelo zisebenza kanjani kuvula umnyango wokunotha kolimi, kungakhathaliseki izinga lakho lokukhuluma kahle ngolimi lwesi-Spanish.